|
Richard Ludwig Heinrich Avenarius (Paris, November 19, 1843 – Zürich, August 18, 1896) was a German-Swiss philosopher. He formulated the radical positivist doctrine of "empirical criticism" or empirio-criticism. Avenarius attended the Nicolaischule in Leipzig and studied in Zurich, Berlin, and Leipzig. At the University of Leipzig, he received the Doctor of Philosophy in 1868 with his thesis on Baruch Spinoza and his pantheism, obtained the habilitation in 1876 and taught as Privatdozent. One year later, he became professor at the University of Zurich. He died in Zurich in 1896. ==Works== Avenarius believed that scientific philosophy must be concerned with purely descriptive definitions of experience, which must be free of both metaphysics and materialism. His opposition to the materialist assertions of Karl Vogt resulted in an attack upon empirio-criticism by Vladimir Lenin in the latter's ''Materialism and Empirio-criticism''. Avenarius' principal works are the famously difficult ''Kritik der reinen Erfahrung'' (''Critique of Pure Experience'', 1888–1890) and ''Der menschliche Weltbegriff'' (''The Human Concept of the World'', 1891) which influenced Ernst Mach, Ber Borochov and, to a lesser extent, William James.〔David C. Lamberth, (''William James and the Metaphysics of Experience'' ), Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 86.〕 He taught Anatoly Lunacharsky and was also influential on Alexander Bogdanov. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Avenarius」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|